When buying a condo resale, most buyers focus on price, status certificates, and mortgage approval. But there’s a quieter document that can have serious legal and financial consequences if it’s missing:

👉 The Section 98 Agreement.

If the unit you’re buying has any alterations beyond the original builder layout, a Section 98 Agreement can be the difference between a smooth ownership experience — and inheriting a costly problem.

Let’s break down why this agreement matters and what every Ontario condo buyer should know.

What Is a Section 98 Agreement?

Under Ontario’s Condominium Act, a Section 98 Agreement is required when a unit owner makes alterations to common elements that are for their exclusive use.

Common examples include:
• Enclosing a balcony or terrace
• Installing new flooring that affects sound transmission
• Modifying plumbing, electrical, or HVAC systems
• Altering walls that impact common elements
• Installing exterior doors, windows, or structural features

Even though these changes may appear to be “inside the unit”, many condos legally treat them as common elements.

A Section 98 Agreement:
• Approves the alteration
• Confirms it complies with condo rules
• Transfers ongoing responsibility for the alteration to the unit owner
• Is registered on title and binds future owners

Why This Matters in a Condo Resale Purchase

When you buy a condo resale, you inherit the legal position of the seller — including any problems they failed to fix.
If an alteration was done without a Section 98 Agreement, the condominium corporation can:

❌ Demand that the alteration be removed
❌ Require the owner to pay to restore the unit
❌ Refuse to insure damage related to the alteration
❌ Charge legal fees back to the owner
❌ Enforce compliance years after the work was done
And yes — that means you, not the seller.

Common “Red Flag” Alterations Buyers Miss

Buyers often assume these are harmless upgrades:
• A “nice enclosed balcony”
• Heated floors
• Soundproofing or new flooring
• Custom plumbing or electrical work
• Unit layout changes

But if the work touches common elements and there’s no Section 98 Agreement, the condo corporation can still step in — even if the work was done years ago and approved “informally.”
Verbal approvals and emails are not enough.

Why Status Certificates Don’t Always Save You

Many buyers think:

“If it’s not flagged in the status certificate, I’m safe.”
Not always.

Status certificates:
• May not fully describe unauthorized alterations
• Rely on information disclosed by the seller
• Don’t replace the need for proper registration on title

A missing Section 98 Agreement can easily slip through unless your lawyer specifically looks for it.

Who Is Responsible for Fixing the Problem?

If a Section 98 Agreement should exist but doesn’t, responsibility usually falls on:

➡️ The current owner of the unit

That means buyers can be forced to:
• Negotiate a last-minute agreement with the condo corporation
• Pay engineering or legal costs
• Reverse renovations entirely
• Delay closing — or worse, inherit the risk after closing

How Buyers Can Protect Themselves

Before waiving conditions or closing on a condo resale, buyers should ensure:

✔ Any alterations are disclosed
✔ A registered Section 98 Agreement exists (where required)
✔ The agreement properly transfers obligations to the unit owner
✔ Maintenance, repair, and insurance responsibilities are clear

This review should be done by your real estate lawyer, not guessed at.

The Bottom Line

A Section 98 Agreement isn’t just a technicality — it’s a risk management tool.

When it’s missing, buyers can unknowingly take on:
• Legal exposure
• Repair obligations
• Enforcement actions from the condo corporation
• Unexpected costs long after closing

If you’re buying a condo resale in Ontario, confirming whether a Section 98 Agreement exists (or is needed) is just as important as reviewing the status certificate.

Call Capulli Law LLP – we know the ins and outs of condo purchasing and what to ask and look for. A simple call can save you in the long run.